{"id":21106,"date":"2024-10-22T14:28:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T12:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.orbit.cz\/?post_type=encyklopedie-cloudu&#038;p=21106"},"modified":"2024-10-30T16:29:27","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T15:29:27","slug":"optimalizace-nakladu-a-infrastruktury-zacina-uz-pred-migraci-do-cloudu","status":"publish","type":"encyklopedie-cloudu","link":"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/en\/encyklopedie-cloudu\/optimalizace-nakladu-a-infrastruktury-zacina-uz-pred-migraci-do-cloudu\/","title":{"rendered":"Cost and infrastructure optimization starts before migration to the cloud"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EC24-clanek-2024-Optimalizace-1024x536.jpg\" alt=\"Cost and infrastructure optimization before migration to the cloud | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21135\" style=\"width:914px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EC24-clanek-2024-Optimalizace-1024x536.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EC24-clanek-2024-Optimalizace-300x157.jpg 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EC24-clanek-2024-Optimalizace-768x402.jpg 768w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EC24-clanek-2024-Optimalizace-18x9.jpg 18w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EC24-clanek-2024-Optimalizace.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-column.kb-section-dir-horizontal > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kt-info-box21106_655ec4-63 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{max-width:unset;}.kt-info-box21106_655ec4-63 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{background:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-info-box21106_655ec4-63.wp-block-kadence-infobox{max-width:100%;}.kt-info-box21106_655ec4-63 .kadence-info-box-image-inner-intrisic-container .kadence-info-box-image-intrisic{max-width:100%;}.kt-info-box21106_655ec4-63 .kadence-info-box-icon-container .kt-info-svg-icon, .kt-info-box21106_655ec4-63 .kt-info-svg-icon-flip, .kt-info-box21106_655ec4-63 .kt-blocks-info-box-number{font-size:50px;}.kt-info-box21106_655ec4-63 .kt-blocks-info-box-media{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;padding-top:10px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:10px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:15px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;}.kt-info-box21106_655ec4-63 .kt-infobox-textcontent p.kt-blocks-info-box-title{font-size:var(--global-kb-font-size-md, 1.25rem);margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;}.kt-info-box21106_655ec4-63 .kt-blocks-info-box-learnmore{background:transparent;border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding-top:4px;padding-right:8px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-left:8px;margin-top:10px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-infobox kt-info-box21106_655ec4-63\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap info-box-link kt-blocks-info-box-media-align-left kt-info-halign-left\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media-container\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media kt-info-media-animate-none\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kt-infobox-textcontent\"><p class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-title\"><strong>One topic we address with customers almost daily: cloud costs and their optimization. Also a well-known <em>State of the Cloud Report<\/em> confirms that this is a crucial topic for organisations of all sizes. So where exactly to look for savings before migration? The right choice of servers, disks and services is key.<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-text\">Martin Gavanda<\/p><\/div><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_3dbbd9-d3 .kt-block-spacer{height:60px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_3dbbd9-d3 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_3dbbd9-d3\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article I will primarily focus on <a href=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/en\/amazon-web-services-aws\/\">Amazon Web Services (AWS)<\/a> - after all, I am an AWS architect - but most of the recommendations mentioned are easily transferable to Microsoft Azure or Google Cloud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The article is a loose continuation of my <a href=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/en\/encyklopedie-cloudu\/cloud-finance-aneb-jak-uridit-naklady-v-cloudu\/\">of the previous text<\/a>in which I discussed cost optimization in the cloud in general and described its basic principles. This time we'll go into more detail and focus on <strong>technical aspects of cloud infrastructure<\/strong>from the point of view of its architect.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"241\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Pruzkum-State-of-the-Cloud-Report-ORBIT-1024x241.png\" alt=\"State of the Cloud Report | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21107\" style=\"width:851px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Pruzkum-State-of-the-Cloud-Report-ORBIT-1024x241.png 1024w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Pruzkum-State-of-the-Cloud-Report-ORBIT-300x71.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Pruzkum-State-of-the-Cloud-Report-ORBIT-768x181.png 768w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Pruzkum-State-of-the-Cloud-Report-ORBIT-18x4.png 18w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Pruzkum-State-of-the-Cloud-Report-ORBIT.png 1192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>From the survey <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/info.flexera.com\/CM-REPORT-State-of-the-Cloud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">State of the Cloud Report<\/a><\/span> shows that regardless of the extent of cloud use in an organization, this topic is absolutely key for everyone. Whether they are starting out with the cloud or already run many applications on it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What's ahead before migration to the cloud<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The cloud brings a huge number of services, each with its own specific pricing and characteristics. On the one hand, therefore, there is <strong>great opportunities for optimization<\/strong>on the other one. <strong>much greater demands on architects<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When designing <strong>on-premise infrastructure<\/strong> we've counted processors, RAM size and disk size by default. Some of us may have also distinguished between different types of data arrays (after all, storage built from SSDs has a different price than storage built from magnetic disks).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the cloud, however, the situation is more complex and we need to know <strong>many more parameters<\/strong>. Or we don't have to, but in that case the infrastructure will not be optimal (both technically and cost-wise). So what should we focus on?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right servers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Most of us no longer consider the cloud infrastructure when designing&nbsp;<strong>variant 1:1 with existing infrastructure<\/strong>but let's stop there for a moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we run a server with 4 CPUs and 16 GB of RAM on-premise, it does not mean (but it can!) that we need such a server in the cloud. Always design an infrastructure that <strong>meets realistic performance requirements<\/strong> our application. Which of course means that we have to monitor the existing infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following figure shows the real load of one database server (8 CPUs):<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"209\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Realne-vytizeni-jednoho-databazoveho-serveru-ORBIT-1024x209.png\" alt=\"Real load of one database server | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21108\" style=\"width:756px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Realne-vytizeni-jednoho-databazoveho-serveru-ORBIT-1024x209.png 1024w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Realne-vytizeni-jednoho-databazoveho-serveru-ORBIT-300x61.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Realne-vytizeni-jednoho-databazoveho-serveru-ORBIT-768x157.png 768w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Realne-vytizeni-jednoho-databazoveho-serveru-ORBIT-18x4.png 18w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Realne-vytizeni-jednoho-databazoveho-serveru-ORBIT.png 1379w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>At first glance, we see that the server is \"doing almost nothing\" most of the time, but occasionally there is a small spike. <strong>How to deal with such a workload?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A conservative architect would conclude that the server utilization is over 50 % and therefore halving the number of CPUs (from 8 to 4) is not possible. This may be true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But let's focus now on the actual <strong>processor<\/strong>on which this virtual server is running - in this case Intel Xeon Gold 6148. What is its real performance compared to, for example\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ec2\/instance-types\/c7i\/\">C7i instances in AWS<\/a>? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The current state-of-the-art C7i compute-optimized instance runs on 8 488 Intel Xeon Platinum processors, which are much more powerful compared to older generation processors. It can therefore be assumed that <strong>reducing the number of processors from 8 to 4 will have no impact on performance<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"498\" height=\"135\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CPU-mark-rating-ORBIT.png\" alt=\"CPU mark rating | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21109\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CPU-mark-rating-ORBIT.png 498w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CPU-mark-rating-ORBIT-300x81.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CPU-mark-rating-ORBIT-18x5.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpubenchmark.net\/compare\/5621.2vs3176.2\/Intel-Xeon-Platinum-8488C-vs-Intel-Xeon-Gold-6148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cpubenchmark.net\/compare\/5621.2vs3176.2\/Intel-Xeon-Platinum-8488C-vs-Intel-Xeon-Gold-6148<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_60cbaf-d6 .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_60cbaf-d6 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_60cbaf-d6\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cost optimization before migration with burstable instances<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, the cloud architect can take into account the option of <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/AWSEC2\/latest\/UserGuide\/burstable-performance-instances.html\">burstable instances<\/a>that <strong>offer relatively high performance in the short term<\/strong>, but they are not able to achieve this \"burst\" continuously. I don't usually recommend them for long term use, but they can also be an interesting alternative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following table shows the maximum \"baseline\" performance of these instances in the second half of 2024:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"183\" height=\"177\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Maximalni-baseline-performance-instanci-ORBIT.png\" alt=\"Maximum baseline performance of instances | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21110\" style=\"width:250px\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Maximalni-baseline-performance-instanci-ORBIT.png 183w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Maximalni-baseline-performance-instanci-ORBIT-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 183px) 100vw, 183px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ec2\/instance-types\/t3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">h<\/a><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ec2\/instance-types\/t3\/\"><em>ttps:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ec2\/instance-types\/t3\/<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, <strong>instance t3a.2xlarge<\/strong>, which has 8 processors, can run constantly at 40 % and once in a while at full power. What would it look like in this case? AWS offers <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ec2\/instance-types\/t3\/\">T3a burstable instance<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ec2\/instance-types\/t3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">e<\/a> (running on AMD EPYC 7571), which are roughly as powerful as the Intel Xeon 6148.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"474\" height=\"115\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CPU-mark-rating-ORBIT2.png\" alt=\"CPU mark rating | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21112\" style=\"width:600px\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CPU-mark-rating-ORBIT2.png 474w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CPU-mark-rating-ORBIT2-300x73.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CPU-mark-rating-ORBIT2-18x4.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpubenchmark.net\/compare\/3543vs3176\/AMD-EPYC-7571-vs-Intel-Xeon-Gold-6148\"><em>https:\/\/www.cpubenchmark.net\/compare\/3543vs3176\/AMD-EPYC-7571-vs-Intel-Xeon-Gold-6148<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What can we take away from this example? That we have several options available to us, with <strong>each with its pros, cons and price<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We can reach for a more powerful EC2 instance and reduce the number of CPUs (which can have a major impact on the price of licenses for a database server!).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We can keep the 1:1 state and choose some \"average\" EC2 instance with 8 CPUs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We can use (cheaper) burstable instances to cover the peaks.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We can possibly sacrifice a little performance in exchange for the best price.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Scenario<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Preserving the state<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">More powerful instances<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Burstable instance<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Lower power<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Instance type<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">m6a.2xlarge<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">m7i.xlarge<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">t3a.2xlarge<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">m7i.large<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Number of CPUs<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Price (PAYG)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>302 USD<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>176 USD<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>252 USD<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>88 USD<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_67cbd7-65 .kt-block-spacer{height:20px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_67cbd7-65 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_67cbd7-65\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"241\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cenove-srovnani-instanci-ORBIT-1024x241.png\" alt=\"Price comparison of instances | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21113\" style=\"width:718px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cenove-srovnani-instanci-ORBIT-1024x241.png 1024w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cenove-srovnani-instanci-ORBIT-300x70.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cenove-srovnani-instanci-ORBIT-768x180.png 768w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cenove-srovnani-instanci-ORBIT-18x4.png 18w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Cenove-srovnani-instanci-ORBIT.png 1379w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=0f7a94f7d6de4bf81decae4d07213921986c0226\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">h<\/a><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=0f7a94f7d6de4bf81decae4d07213921986c0226\"><em>ttps:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=0f7a94f7d6de4bf81decae4d07213921986c0226<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_64bb87-13 .kt-block-spacer{height:40px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_64bb87-13 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_64bb87-13\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>So the number of CPUs is not the key factor. When choosing the right server in EC2 <strong>we also take other aspects into account<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How busy is my server?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What processor am I using (or can I use)?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do I need a constant load or burstable?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If I reduce the server performance, will it have any effect on the application itself?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does the number of CPUs affect the licensing of an application or server?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right discs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Choosing the right type of disk for a server can be as challenging as choosing the server itself. AWS has <strong>six types of discs<\/strong> with different characteristics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>generic SSD (gp2, gp3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>powerful SSDs (io1, io2)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>traditional HDD (st1, sc1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>How do the discs differ and what impact will our choice have on the price? Let's start with SSDs:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"322\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-SSD-disku-ORBIT-1024x322.png\" alt=\"SSD Comparison | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21114\" style=\"width:710px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-SSD-disku-ORBIT-1024x322.png 1024w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-SSD-disku-ORBIT-300x94.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-SSD-disku-ORBIT-768x242.png 768w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-SSD-disku-ORBIT-18x6.png 18w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-SSD-disku-ORBIT.png 1379w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/latest\/userguide\/ebs-volume-types.html\"><em>https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/latest\/userguide\/ebs-volume-types.html<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_b0382f-fc .kt-block-spacer{height:40px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_b0382f-fc .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_b0382f-fc\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>How to read the above table? If you don't know what you need, <strong>choose a standard gp3 SSD<\/strong>. If you know that, then this section is not for you \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>General purpose SSDs<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The gp3 discs offer the following advantages over gp2 discs <strong>better performance characteristics<\/strong>. However, while with gp2 disks you only need to know the size of the disk in GB, with gp3 you need to define other parameters (or you don't need to, if the \"base\" is enough):<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id21106_c0e442-65 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id21106_c0e442-65 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id21106_c0e442-65 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id21106_c0e442-65 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id21106_c0e442-65 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id21106_c0e442-65 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id21106_c0e442-65 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column21106_b8b266-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column21106_b8b266-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column21106_b8b266-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21106_b8b266-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21106_b8b266-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column21106_b8b266-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column21106_b8b266-ca{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21106_b8b266-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21106_b8b266-ca > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21106_b8b266-ca\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"282\" height=\"188\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/gp2-SSD-disky-ORBIT.png\" alt=\"gp2 SSD | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21115\" style=\"width:296px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/gp2-SSD-disky-ORBIT.png 282w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/gp2-SSD-disky-ORBIT-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 282px) 100vw, 282px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column21106_70aec0-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column21106_70aec0-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column21106_70aec0-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column21106_70aec0-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column21106_70aec0-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column21106_70aec0-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column21106_70aec0-c1{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column21106_70aec0-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column21106_70aec0-c1 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column21106_70aec0-c1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"263\" height=\"209\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/gp3-SSD-disky-ORBIT.png\" alt=\"gp3 SSD | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21116\" style=\"width:225px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/gp3-SSD-disky-ORBIT.png 263w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/gp3-SSD-disky-ORBIT-15x12.png 15w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_7b287e-4e .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_7b287e-4e .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_7b287e-4e\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>It should also be noted that the original gp2 disks are burstable and do not provide continuous performance. Therefore <strong>I recommend not to use gp2 discs<\/strong> and reach for gp3 drives instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can then decide according to <strong>disk sizes<\/strong>which defines \"how long\" the drives will provide the required IO performance:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"239\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-velikosti-SSD-disku-ORBIT-1024x239.png\" alt=\"SSD Size Comparison | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21117\" style=\"width:914px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-velikosti-SSD-disku-ORBIT-1024x239.png 1024w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-velikosti-SSD-disku-ORBIT-300x70.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-velikosti-SSD-disku-ORBIT-768x179.png 768w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-velikosti-SSD-disku-ORBIT-18x4.png 18w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-velikosti-SSD-disku-ORBIT.png 1104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/latest\/userguide\/general-purpose.html\"><em>https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/latest\/userguide\/general-purpose.html<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_1f8897-e9 .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_1f8897-e9 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_1f8897-e9\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Provissioned IOPS drives<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>If you need <strong>powerful drive<\/strong>you'll probably reach for an io1 or io2 disk. This time you have to explicitly define the number of IOPS, which will be reflected in the price. IOPS is related to the size of the disk, and the relationship is as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>io1<\/strong>: 50 IOPS per GB<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>io2<\/strong>: 1 000 IOPS per GB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Two technical notes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>io2 discs created before November 2023 are not \"block express\" and therefore have different limits. To upgrade, just modify the settings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extremely large or extremely fast io1\/2 disks can only be connected to certain types of instances - beware!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sample characteristics of the io2 disk:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"465\" height=\"191\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-io2-disku-ORBIT.png\" alt=\"Throughput io2 disk | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21118\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-io2-disku-ORBIT.png 465w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-io2-disku-ORBIT-300x123.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-io2-disku-ORBIT-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/latest\/userguide\/provisioned-iops.html\"><em>https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/latest\/userguide\/provisioned-iops.html<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_1df217-db .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_1df217-db .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_1df217-db\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The graph above shows that disk throughput for small blocks (16 KB) is linear, whereas for large blocks (256 KB) you reach maximum throughput almost immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IO drives are therefore suitable for extremely busy systems<\/strong>where you need really fast storage without any compromise.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_157871-bd .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_157871-bd .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_157871-bd\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Magnetic discs<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two types of magnetic discs available on the market:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>st1<\/strong> - the so-called <em>throughput optimized<\/em> discs - offer a compromise between price and performance,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>sc1<\/strong> are <em>cold<\/em> disks suitable for archiving data and minimal access to them (low IO performance and low throughput).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In both cases, throughput is again \"variable\" and depends on the size of the disk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Drive <strong>st1<\/strong> has the following characteristics:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"445\" height=\"210\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-st1-disku-ORBIT.png\" alt=\"Throughput st1 disk| ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21119\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-st1-disku-ORBIT.png 445w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-st1-disku-ORBIT-300x142.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-st1-disku-ORBIT-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 445px) 100vw, 445px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/latest\/userguide\/hdd-vols.html\"><em>https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/latest\/userguide\/hdd-vols.html<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Characteristics <strong>sc1 <\/strong>the disk looks like this:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"428\" height=\"189\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-sc1-disku-ORBIT.png\" alt=\"Throughput sc1 disk | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21120\" style=\"width:500px\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-sc1-disku-ORBIT.png 428w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-sc1-disku-ORBIT-300x132.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Throughput-sc1-disku-ORBIT-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 428px) 100vw, 428px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/latest\/userguide\/hdd-vols.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">h<\/a><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/latest\/userguide\/hdd-vols.html\"><em>ttps:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/ebs\/latest\/userguide\/hdd-vols.html<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_f7ef75-87 .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_f7ef75-87 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_f7ef75-87\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>How to read these two charts? The st1 disk type offers higher performance than the sc1, but its price is logically higher.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_dddc57-9a .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_dddc57-9a .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_dddc57-9a\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>So which drive to choose?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Brief instructions may look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If you are not sure, use <strong>gp3<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When you're looking for an extra fast drive, a good candidate would be <strong>io1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you need extremely high IOPS or extremely high IOPS vs. volume size, use <strong>io2<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At the same time, if you need an extra-small drive with a lot of power, you'll most likely reach for <strong>io2<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you want to store large amounts of data for a long time, use <strong>sc1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you'll be continuously storing and working with large amounts of data, choose <strong>st1<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do not use discs <strong>gp2<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sample price of a 1,000 GB drive with 3,000 IOPS:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"240\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceny-disku-ORBIT-1024x240.png\" alt=\"Disc prices | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21121\" style=\"width:882px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceny-disku-ORBIT-1024x240.png 1024w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceny-disku-ORBIT-300x70.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceny-disku-ORBIT-768x180.png 768w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceny-disku-ORBIT-18x4.png 18w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Ceny-disku-ORBIT.png 1379w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=03f50922e338d20afa465411f6f2ccd4067944f4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">h<\/a><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=03f50922e338d20afa465411f6f2ccd4067944f4\"><em>ttps:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=03f50922e338d20afa465411f6f2ccd4067944f4<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_3de981-15 .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_3de981-15 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_3de981-15\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Choose the right services<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This area of decision-making is currently about <strong>most complicated <\/strong>and would go to a separate workshop. Moreover, the application itself may be rearchitected, which will make the whole change more expensive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Example 1<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Let's take a look at a hypothetical example in the data storage area:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Imagine you are running an application like <em>Document Management System<\/em>which stores <strong>10 TB of data<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The app is used on a daily basis <strong>100 users<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On average, each user creates <strong>five new documents<\/strong> and works with&nbsp;<strong>20 existing documents<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>With the majority of documents <strong>not working<\/strong> (90 % documents are only archived).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Where to save the data?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first thing that comes to mind is the standard <strong>gp3 disk<\/strong> of 10 TB. However, this solution will not be ideal in terms of high availability because only one EC2 instance can work with the disk. If we need to work with data from multiple instances, we need to use a shared <em>file system<\/em>, in this case, for example, the standard <em>Elastic File System (EFS)<\/em>. Or we can choose object storage <em>Simple Storage Service (S3)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"796\" height=\"254\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Optimalizace-nakladu-pred-migraci-skrze-sluzby-ORBIT.png\" alt=\"Optimising costs before migration through services | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21122\" style=\"width:702px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Optimalizace-nakladu-pred-migraci-skrze-sluzby-ORBIT.png 796w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Optimalizace-nakladu-pred-migraci-skrze-sluzby-ORBIT-300x96.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Optimalizace-nakladu-pred-migraci-skrze-sluzby-ORBIT-768x245.png 768w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Optimalizace-nakladu-pred-migraci-skrze-sluzby-ORBIT-18x6.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>How much would those options cost us? For the calculation I consider identical throughput requirements for EBS and EFS (i.e.125 MBps):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Scenario<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">EBS<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">EFS<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">S3<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Price<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">974 USD<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1 145 USD<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">252 USD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Problematic high availability<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">10 % of data is actively used<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Price not only per GB, but also API operations<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_f06282-b8 .kt-block-spacer{height:20px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_f06282-b8 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_f06282-b8\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"195\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ulozist-ORBIT-1024x195.png\" alt=\"Storage price comparison | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21123\" style=\"width:806px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ulozist-ORBIT-1024x195.png 1024w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ulozist-ORBIT-300x57.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ulozist-ORBIT-768x146.png 768w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ulozist-ORBIT-18x3.png 18w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ulozist-ORBIT.png 1379w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=958f3d773dfa31f0ea5c260d9f78384e734096dd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">h<\/a><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=958f3d773dfa31f0ea5c260d9f78384e734096dd\"><em>ttps:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=958f3d773dfa31f0ea5c260d9f78384e734096dd<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_bde6d3-8c .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_bde6d3-8c .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_bde6d3-8c\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Here we can clearly see that the cost of storing and working with this amount of data can be up to 6 times higher (EFS vs. S3).<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_d413dc-92 .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_d413dc-92 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_d413dc-92\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Example 2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The second example corresponds to a real scenario from a project we are currently working on at ORBIT. It demonstrates (without going into details) <strong>the huge influence of the scenario on the price<\/strong> - and, in this particular case, the processing time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our scenario is that we need to process roughly <strong>1 million records<\/strong>. Processing a single record (several kb in size) requires about <strong>10 seconds<\/strong> machine time (higher performance does not bring speedup, nor can it be parallelized in any reasonable way).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We discussed three options:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>We use standard EC2 and python script inside the instance to process the required records (without parallelization).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We'll use a standard EC2 and python script inside the instance to process the required records, while trying to figure out how to parallelize the process.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We use cloud-native technology, in this case massively parallelized lambda functions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>The conclusions were roughly as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Scenario<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>EC2 without parallelization<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>EC2 and parallelization<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>cloud-native<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Price of infrastructure<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00b1 35 USD<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00b1125 USD<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u00b1 14 USD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Infrastructure<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1 CPU (t3a.micro)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">8 CPUs (t3a.2xlarge)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">lambda function<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Running the \"task\"<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">115 days<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">14 days<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">3 hours<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Price of parallelisation<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0 MDs<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1 MD = 10 000 CZK<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">0 MDs<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_0e6084-0a .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_0e6084-0a .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_0e6084-0a\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If we don't parallelize the EC2 runtime, we need at least a large (and cheap) server, but the data processing will run <strong>extremely long<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If we parallelize, we incur the cost of preparing parallelization, we reduce data processing by a factor of eight, but <strong>the price will be triple<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If we use a cloud-native approach, <strong>the price will be minimal and the processing time extremely short<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"196\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ruznych-scenaru-ORBIT-1024x196.png\" alt=\"Price comparison of different scenarios | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21124\" style=\"width:878px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ruznych-scenaru-ORBIT-1024x196.png 1024w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ruznych-scenaru-ORBIT-300x57.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ruznych-scenaru-ORBIT-768x147.png 768w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ruznych-scenaru-ORBIT-18x3.png 18w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Srovnani-cen-ruznych-scenaru-ORBIT.png 1159w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=42255e5155377257b4a3cd164f61e3063f674ec0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">h<\/a><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=42255e5155377257b4a3cd164f61e3063f674ec0\"><em>ttps:\/\/calculator.aws\/#\/estimate?id=42255e5155377257b4a3cd164f61e3063f674ec0<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_7d5e7c-75 .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_7d5e7c-75 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_7d5e7c-75\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>So what did the final architecture look like?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The data to be processed are stored in<em>&nbsp;DynamoDB<\/em> (1 million records).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Based on <em>DynamoDB Streams<\/em> the record ID is inserted by the lambda function into <em>Simple Queue Service<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Simple Queue Service<\/em> is linked to another lambda function (1 000 simultaneous runs).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The processing outputs are again stored in the <em>DynamoDB<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"791\" height=\"124\" src=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Priklad-vysledneho-scenare-ORBIT.png\" alt=\"Example of the final scenario | ORBIT\" class=\"wp-image-21125\" style=\"width:671px;height:auto\" srcset=\"http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Priklad-vysledneho-scenare-ORBIT.png 791w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Priklad-vysledneho-scenare-ORBIT-300x47.png 300w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Priklad-vysledneho-scenare-ORBIT-768x120.png 768w, http:\/\/4.184.192.234\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Priklad-vysledneho-scenare-ORBIT-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>What can we take away from this example? That <strong>complex architecture change can deliver extreme value<\/strong> - whether in terms of infrastructure cost or processing speed.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_8cdf12-f1 .kt-block-spacer{height:30px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-21106_8cdf12-f1 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-21106_8cdf12-f1\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cost and infrastructure optimization simply starts before migration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As our CEO says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/lukasklastersky\/\">Lukas Kl\u00e1\u0161tersk\u00fd<\/a>\"Cloud is a bit of a different animal.\" And that's true in this case as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The very <strong>designing the right cloud infrastructure<\/strong> can be a tough nut to crack. If you are unsure about it or would like to discuss some specific aspects of it (and there are some!), feel free to contact me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And what can you look forward to next? Let's see, <strong>how to optimise costs and infrastructure after migration to the cloud<\/strong>, we will mainly focus on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>new services and their impact on price,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>application architecture optimization,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>continuous revision of the architecture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Where to look for savings in the cloud? Cost optimization starts before you migrate to the cloud with the right choice of servers, disks and services.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":21127,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":""},"categories":[130,145],"class_list":["post-21106","encyklopedie-cloudu","type-encyklopedie-cloudu","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cloud-journey","category-cloud-migration-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Optimalizace n\u00e1klad\u016f a infrastruktury p\u0159ed migrac\u00ed do cloudu | ORBIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kde hledat \u00faspory v cloudu? 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